Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A ramp for wheelchairs is an important aid to assist a loved one live more independently at home. But if not designed correctly they could be dangerous to use.
ADA regulations require landings to be level at any change in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide an accessible surface for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design has to meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can easily navigate the structure. For example, the ramp slope cannot exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have level landings at any angle or shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed from treated lumber, which is more durable and withstands rain better than untreated lumber.
The sides and top of the ramp should be clear of obstacles such as bushes, trees or other structures that could hinder the safe passage of the ramp's user. The ramp's surface must be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface along the ramp's entire length.
Use treated lumber at minimum four inches wide for the frame of the ramp. To ensure ramps for wheelchairs at home is secured, construct posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend beyond ground level. Spindles should be used to connect the posts to the railings of the ramp. This kind of connection minimizes the risk of a ramp user falling off the ramp.
Then, build the frame of the ramp using beams 2 by 4 inches in size, and joists at least 16 inch long. The joists should be placed at minimum 18 inches above the ground and secured by joist hangings, which are nails that grip within the joists to stop them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using framing nails.
Add an upper landing near the doorway to enable wheelchair users to control the doorswing without difficulty. The landing should be wide enough to give at least 12-24 inches of "elbow room" on the handle side for out-swing doors. The landing for doors with in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the threshold of the door as well as a wheelchair user who has to go backwards through the doorway.
Install a level landing when changing the direction of the ramp to prevent wheelchairs from having their brakes on corners. A level landing makes it simpler to move a ramp out of the way if required, so that lawnmowers and other equipment can pass beneath it.
Materials
The material used to build ramps for wheelchairs could be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installation service will help you choose which one is suitable for your business or home. When choosing the material for the ramp, it is important to take into account your budget and the specific requirements. The ramp should be simple to maintain and should be safe for use. Some cities require that the ramp be laid with an anti-slip surface.
Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or buying any materials. Also, be sure to adhere to all local building codes. Utilizing the incorrect materials or construction techniques can result in dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can get the most up-to-date information about construction regulations at your local government's building department office, library or online.
Wood ramps are often the least expensive alternative for ADA ramp materials. However they need more maintenance. Wood ramps need to be maintained regularly using sealers to avoid the onset of rot. Wood can split and be hazardous for those using wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require additional support in order to ensure the structure is maintained.
Concrete ramps are extremely durable and long-lasting however they can be costly. They are heavy, which means that more work is required to construct them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp after it is it is no longer required. Concrete ramps are able to withstand the weight of large power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps are lighter than steel or concrete however they possess the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than steel and iron, making them an excellent option for people on an extremely tight budget. Aluminum is eco-friendly because it is found in the Earth's crust naturally and is able to be recycled.
The ramp's upper landing should be at a level level, or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door in order for wheelchairs with smaller wheels to move over the ramp without getting stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this won't meet ADA standards. You should also ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the upper landing and the ground surface. The final section of the ramp should have a beveled edge to stop wheelchairs from abruptly stopping when entering or leaving a home.
Installation
A ramp for wheelchairs is a plane inclined ramp that can be erected as an alternative or in addition to steps. It lets wheelchair users and those who use carts or strollers to get around areas that would otherwise be difficult to access, such as the front door or a set of sloping steps.
There are several considerations when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs such as height, location and cost. The ramp should be placed close to the door to avoid unnecessary traveling. It should be set at a level that the person using it is able to easily navigate. It should also be anchored to the ground and clear of obstructions like shrubbery or parked cars.
ADA regulations require ramps to have handrails either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have a gripping surface that is smooth or rounded. They must also be anchored to the edge of the ramp, and extend 12 inches over it. If a ramp is equipped with switchesbacks or an L-shaped layout, handrails must be continuous between the ramp runs.
The length of the ramp is determined by its incline. However there are a few basic ramp types that can be used in all situations. A threshold ramp, for example, sits flush against the curb's lip or threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps, on the other hand, can be moved to a different place and come in various sizes. Modular aluminum ramps can also be built on-site. These ramps are commonly used in commercial or public areas and are usually longer.
If you're thinking of an all-weather ramp, be sure you contact your city's building department to determine if you require permits. It is also a good idea to consult a mobility specialist to determine what kind of ramp is best suited to your requirements and the space that you have. In certain situations, installing permanent ramps can boost the value of your house.
Maintenance
It is crucial to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used regularly. You'll need to conduct regular inspections and address any structural issues as they arise. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements, and is safe for the users.
Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is necessary to remove debris and dirt that can hinder access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also stop moisture from accumulating under the surface and causing rot. The wood preservatives or stains only work if the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned prior to applying.
Wheelchair ramps can be more difficult to maintain than other types of ramps, as they are more prone to wear and tear. The most important thing to do is ensure you have the appropriate tools to complete the task. To make sure that all fixings are secure and tight you'll require a good set of screwdrivers as well as gauge spanners. It's also worth regularly inspecting the handrails to ensure they are in a good condition and do not show signs of corrosion or damage. As time passes, and with repeated use, it's not uncommon for the fittings or bolts that hold on the handrails to come loose. This can be an issue for anyone who uses the ramp.
It is also crucial to ensure that the surface of the ramp is grippy enough especially in winter, when conditions can be challenging. You'll need to remove any dirt, leaves and other debris that could hinder the surface and cause slippage. You'll also want to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive to the ramp surface to avoid injuries and slipping.
Consider buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you are planning to use it for the duration of the winter. These wheels are designed to better track on snowy and uneven surfaces. They can help you remain on your ramp for longer than regular wheelchair tires. Alternatively, you can place heating pads or tape along the ramp's surface to melt snow and ice before it builds up.